• Bridge Recombination Mechanism (BRM) is an advanced gene-editing technique based on a naturally occurring mechanism.
• It introduces new combinations in genetic material through breaking and re-joining of DNA strands.

Features of BRM:

Based on jumping genes:

• It uses transposable elements or jumping genes, which can detach from one part of DNA and attach to another part.

DNA recombination capability:

• BRM allows researchers to rearrange, invert, move, clone and perform other editing functions on long DNA sequences.

Helpful in treatment of genetic disorders:

• This technique can be used in the treatment of genetic disorders, opening up new possibilities for curing genetic diseases.

Uses in Agriculture and Biotechnology:

• BRM can be used to improve characteristics in plants and animals, increase agricultural productivity and develop new traits.

Role in DNA repair and genomic evolution:

• This technique plays an important role in increasing genetic diversity, improving DNA repair and genome evolution.

What are Jumping Genes?

• Jumping genes, also called transposable elements (TEs), are DNA sequences that can move from one location to another in the genome.
• It is a major source of genetic variation and genomic diversity.

Characteristics of Jumping Genes:

Transposition of DNA sequences:

• These genes can spontaneously change location within the DNA, thereby affecting the genome structure.

Transposable Elements (TEs):

• Jumping genes are called transposable elements because they can “transpose” to different locations in the DNA.

Role of Recombinase Enzymes:

• These small DNA segments contain recombinase enzymes, which bind to DNA and can make changes in it.
• They also carry extra DNA segments at the ends of the genes, which facilitate the process of transposition.

Self-Replication:

• Jumping genes can make their own copies and insert these copies at new locations.

Genetic Mutations and Genomic Evolution:

• Their movement and transfer can cause genetic mutations.
• This contributes to the development of new genes and genomic diversity.

Importance of Jumping Genes:

• Helpful in genetic research: Scientists use them to study gene functions and understand the process of changes in DNA.
• Contribution in the study of diseases: Jumping genes can influence genetic diseases and mutations associated with diseases like cancer.
• Uses in Biotechnology: They are used in gene editing, gene therapy and agricultural biotechnology.