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Facial Recognition Technology (FRT)
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Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) is an AI-based biometric system that identifies or verifies a person’s identity using images or video data.
It relies on complex algorithms to analyse facial features such as eye distance, nose structure, and jawline for recognition.
Types of Facial Recognition
Verification (Authentication)
Compares a person's facial map to their stored image for identity verification.
Example: Unlocking smartphones using Face ID.
Identification (Recognition)
Matches a face against multiple entries in a database to identify a person.
Example:
Law enforcement using FRT for surveillance and crime detection.
Key Applications of FRT
Security-Related Uses
Law Enforcement & Crime Control –
Used to identify criminals, missing persons, and persons of interest.
Crowd Surveillance –
Helps in monitoring large gatherings and identifying potential threats.
Border & Airport Security –
Enhances passenger screening and immigration control.
Example:
Divya Drishti, an AI-based FRT system used for crowd monitoring in India.
Non-Security Uses
Authentication & Access Control
–
Used for identity verification in banking, healthcare, and government services.
Aadhaar-Based Authentication
–
Facial recognition for secure identification in government schemes.
Banking & Finance
–
Enhances cyber security by replacing passwords with biometric facial authentication.
Air Travel (Digi Yatra)
–
Contactless boarding at airports using facial recognition technology.
Benefits of Facial Recognition Technology
Enhanced Security
–
Strengthens surveillance, crime prevention, and fraud detection.
Contactless & Fast
–
Reduces the need for physical touchpoints, improving efficiency.
Reduces Fraud & Identity Theft
–
Harder to forge compared to passwords or ID cards.
Improved Customer Experience
–
Enables seamless check-ins at airports, hotels, and banks.
Challenges & Ethical Concerns
Privacy & Data Security Risks
–
Raises concerns over government surveillance and personal data misuse.
Bias & Accuracy Issues
–
Some FRT systems may have biases based on race, gender, or age.
Risk of Misuse
–
Can be exploited for mass surveillance and unauthorized tracking.
Lack of Regulations
–
The absence of strict laws can lead to ethical concerns and misuse.
Future of Facial Recognition in India
AI-Based Traffic Management
–
Used for identifying traffic violations.
Integration with Smart Cities
–
Enhancing urban security and governance.
Regulatory Framework
–
The Indian government is working on privacy regulations to ensure responsible FRT usage.
Deepfake Detection
–
AI-driven solutions to prevent manipulation and identity fraud.
Prelims
Mains
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