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Facial Recognition Technology (FRT)

  • Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) is an AI-based biometric system that identifies or verifies a person’s identity using images or video data. 
  • It relies on complex algorithms to analyse facial features such as eye distance, nose structure, and jawline for recognition.

frt

Types of Facial Recognition

  • Verification (Authentication)
    • Compares a person's facial map to their stored image for identity verification.
    • Example: Unlocking smartphones using Face ID.
  • Identification (Recognition)
    • Matches a face against multiple entries in a database to identify a person.
    • Example: Law enforcement using FRT for surveillance and crime detection.

Key Applications of FRT

Security-Related Uses

  • Law Enforcement & Crime Control – Used to identify criminals, missing persons, and persons of interest.
  • Crowd Surveillance – Helps in monitoring large gatherings and identifying potential threats.
  • Border & Airport Security – Enhances passenger screening and immigration control.
    • Example: Divya Drishti, an AI-based FRT system used for crowd monitoring in India.

Non-Security Uses

  • Authentication & Access Control Used for identity verification in banking, healthcare, and government services.
  • Aadhaar-Based Authentication Facial recognition for secure identification in government schemes.
  • Banking & Finance Enhances cyber security by replacing passwords with biometric facial authentication.
  • Air Travel (Digi Yatra)Contactless boarding at airports using facial recognition technology.

Benefits of Facial Recognition Technology

  • Enhanced SecurityStrengthens surveillance, crime prevention, and fraud detection.
  • Contactless & Fast Reduces the need for physical touchpoints, improving efficiency.
  • Reduces Fraud & Identity Theft Harder to forge compared to passwords or ID cards.
  • Improved Customer Experience Enables seamless check-ins at airports, hotels, and banks.

Challenges & Ethical Concerns

  • Privacy & Data Security Risks Raises concerns over government surveillance and personal data misuse.
  • Bias & Accuracy IssuesSome FRT systems may have biases based on race, gender, or age.
  • Risk of Misuse Can be exploited for mass surveillance and unauthorized tracking.
  • Lack of RegulationsThe absence of strict laws can lead to ethical concerns and misuse.

Future of Facial Recognition in India

  • AI-Based Traffic ManagementUsed for identifying traffic violations.
  • Integration with Smart CitiesEnhancing urban security and governance.
  • Regulatory Framework The Indian government is working on privacy regulations to ensure responsible FRT usage.
  • Deepfake DetectionAI-driven solutions to prevent manipulation and identity fraud.
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