Making peace with nature

(Mains GS 3: Environment Conservation,  Environmental pollution and degradation)

Context:

• There has been an urgent need to restore damaged ecosystems as COVID-19 pandemic is a direct result of the degradation of natural areas, species loss, and exploitation. 
• Zoonotic pathogens are more frequently jumping from wildlife to humans, creating public health emergencies. 
• Healthier ecosystems and a healthier respect for the wild spaces of our world will give us a healthier planet and healthier people.

The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration:

• It is time to change how we cultivate our land, use our soils, exploit coastal and marine ecosystems, and manage our forests. 
• The damage has been done over decades and the destruction cannot be reversed overnight but the world needs to start from somewhere.
• That’s why this World Environment Day, the UN Environment Programme and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization launched the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean.

India’s participation:

• India must participate actively in this decade of restoration because Ecosystem restoration benefits people and nature.
• Ten years of sustained action to protect and revive the country’s ecosystems will help India to end poverty.
• Poverty will be reduced by enhancing livelihoods, combat climate change by reviving natural carbon stores, and halt the collapse of biodiversity by rebuilding homes for wildlife.

Path towards restoration:

• India has already set it’s path for restoration by promising an increase in restored degraded land from 21 to 26 million hectares by 2030. 
• There are several steps India can take to build on this commitment.

Reduction in net carbon dioxide emission:

• First, there must be a concerted effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
• Climate change is dangerous to humans, but also to the fragile ecosystems that sustain all life on earth. 
• Globally, countries must reduce net carbon dioxide emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2010.
• And countries must reach net-zero emissions by 2050 to have a hope of achieving the 1.5°C Paris Agreement target.
• India needs to work towards this by transforming energy systems, land use, agriculture, forest protection, urban development, infrastructure, and lifestyles. 
• Crucially, this has to be aligned with conserving and restoring biodiversity and minimising air and water pollution and waste. 
• Given the interconnectedness of nature, all problems have to be dealt with simultaneously. 

Transformation towards sustainability:

• Second, countries need to transform their economic, financial and production systems towards sustainability.
• Including natural capital in decision-making, eliminating environmentally harmful subsidies, and investing in low-carbon and nature-friendly technologies are key elements of this.
• By making investments in sustainable development financially attractive, countries can shift the financial flows and investment patterns towards sustainability. 
• India needs to use an already present knowledge base, the scientific expertise, and the policymaking know-how through national and international scientific bodies that can guide this process.

Cooperation with nature:

• Finally, the power to revive our environment lies with us as individuals. 
• For a better future, India must work towards creating food systems that work with nature, reduce waste, and are adaptive to change and resilient to shocks
• Empowering small-scale farmers and women farmers, changing patterns of consumption and challenging social norms and business practices are key. 
• This can be achieved through capacity building and education. 

Conclusion:

• World needs to elevate its responsibility to effect change through cooperation and collaboration, and through changing how we consume, travel and use energy. 
• As UN Secretary-General António Guterres has stated, making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century.