NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSE)

Established: Incorporated in 1992; commenced operations in 1994.
Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Recognized by SEBI: In 1993.
Ownership: A mix of public and private financial institutions, including LIC, SBI, Temasek, and Morgan Stanley.

Key Features

Market Capitalization: As of December 2024, NSE's market capitalization stood at approximately ₹438.9 lakh crore (over $5 trillion), making it the 7th largest stock exchange globally.
Listings: 2,671 companies listed, including 2,084 on the mainboard and 587 on the SME platform (NSE Emerge).
Indices: Operates several indices, with the flagship being the Nifty 50, launched on April 22, 1996.

Composition: Comprises 50 major companies across 14 sectors of the Indian economy.
Calculation Method: Free-float market capitalization weighted.
Benchmark Role: Serves as a benchmark for Indian investments, similar to the S&P 500 in the U.S.
Rebalancing: Rebalanced semi-annually to reflect market dynamics.

Electronic Trading: Pioneered screen-based electronic trading in India, replacing traditional open outcry systems.
Co-location Facility: Expanded its co-location data centre to over 1,200 racks, enhancing trading speed and efficiency.
Automated Systems: Utilizes advanced automated systems to ensure efficient and transparent trading.

Equity: Facilitates trading in shares of companies.
Derivatives: Offers futures and options contracts on indices and individual stocks.
Debt: Provides a platform for trading in government and corporate bonds.
Currency: Introduced currency derivatives in August 2008.
SME Platform: Launched NSE EMERGE in 2012 to support small and medium enterprises.
Social Stock Exchange: Introduced in 2023 to allow social enterprises to raise funds from the public.

NSE Academy: Offers courses and certifications in financial markets.
NSE Learn to Trade: Provides mock market simulation software to develop investment and trading skills.
Collaborations: Partners with universities to offer MBA and BBA courses in financial markets.

Global Rankings: As of 2023, NSE is the world's largest derivatives exchange by the number of contracts traded and the third-largest in cash equities by the number of trades.
Capital Raising: In 2024, NSE facilitated companies in raising ₹1.67 lakh crore (approximately $19.5 billion) through 268 IPOs, making it the top global exchange for IPO proceeds.

Market Manipulation: Instances of market manipulation and insider trading have been reported, leading to regulatory actions.
Technological Issues: Occasional technical glitches affecting trading systems.
Regulatory Scrutiny: Faced penalties from SEBI for lapses in surveillance and compliance.