Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Why in News?

• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) remains a serious health concern due to low coverage of measles vaccination in Uttar Pradesh.

About Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE):

• Introduction:
  • It is a progressive and fatal brain disorder associated with measles (rubella) infection.
  • It can occur even many years after measles.
  • It usually affects children and adolescents
  • It is seen more in men than women.
• Causes:
  • Measles usually does not affect the brain
  • But SSPE may develop due to abnormal immune response or particular forms of the virus.
  • There is inflammation in the brain, which may persist for years.
  • It is rare in Western countries, but has been reported in other regions.
• Symptoms:
  • Early symptoms:
    • Decline in school performance, forgetfulness, distractibility.
    • Anger, insomnia, hallucinations.
  • Middle stage:
    • Muscle tremors, seizures, uncontrolled body movements.
    • Decline in intelligence and speech.
  • Late stage:
    • Muscle stiffness, difficulty swallowing.
  • Pneumonia, blindness, fever, abnormal blood pressure and pulse.
• Treatment:
  • There is no definite cure for SSPE.
  • Antiviral drugs may be given to control symptoms.