Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
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- It is one of the largest public health programs in the world under which all pregnant women and children are provided free vaccination.
- Start and expansion
- This program started in the year 1978 as the Expanded Program on Immunization.
- In the year 1985, the scope of vaccination was expanded beyond urban areas and its name was changed to Universal Immunization Program.
- In the year 1992, it became a part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program.
- In the year 1997, it was included in the scope of the National Reproductive and Child Health Program.
- Since the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in the year 2005, the Universal Immunization Program has always been an integral part of this mission.
- Significance:
- This program is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions.
- Under this, about 2.67 crore newborns and 2.9 crore pregnant women are targeted every year.
- This program has contributed to a great extent to reducing the mortality rate of children below 5 years of age.
- Diseases covered:
- UIP provides free vaccination to all pregnant women and children against 12 preventable diseases.
- At the national level: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, rubella, acute childhood tuberculosis, hepatitis B and meningitis and pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.
- At the sub-national level: rotavirus diarrhoea, pneumococcal pneumonia and Japanese encephalitis.
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