Vehicle Safety Systems in India

Reference

In the context of increase in road accidents, the need for vehicle Collision Avoidance System (CAS) is increasing rapidly. This system is important in increasing road safety and reducing loss of life and property. Satellite technology has been incorporated in it.

About Collision Avoidance System (CAS)

• What it is: Technology designed to prevent collisions between a vehicle and obstacles (such as other vehicles, pedestrians, animals, etc.) while on the road
• Implementation: The system requires two types of information: the location of all other obstacles that could potentially cause a collision, and the vehicle’s location relative to those obstacles
  • The system uses radar, laser, cameras, and other sensors.
• Features: CAS systems help enforce traffic rules, alert the driver, and in some cases even apply automatic braking
• CAS Use in Land-Based Vehicles: Used to track the distance between cars and the speed of the back car and is able to override driver instructions to enable an automatic emergency braking
  • It is equipped with sensing technology such as radar, lidar, and/or cameras with object recognition to track the car in front
• Use of CAS in ships and planes: Helpful in preventing collisions between planes within a time period of 48 seconds to 30 seconds

Other systems

• Automatic Identification System (AIS): These land-based base stations track and coordinate data from transceivers on ships to estimate their location, speed and direction, and transmit details to each ship.
• Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT): According to the International Maritime Organization, ships on international voyages must report their location, local time and onboard equipment every six hours to the authorities of the country whose flag the ship is flying.
• This data is distributed to contracting governments and operators of search-and-rescue missions through the international LRIT data exchange.
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) systems: This is an important alternative to transponder-based systems for aircraft that collects and processes information actively shared by individual aircraft via satellites to understand the relative location, direction, and speed of a group of aircraft.
• S-AIS (Satellite-AIS) systems: These are particularly useful for tracking ships that are far from land-based AIS stations.